Lesson # 540 From Holy Qur’an
It is Not for a Believer to Kill a Believer
Surah Nisaaa’ (Women) – Chapter – 4)
Verses –92 & 93 of 176, Section – 13/24 (Part –
5)
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92. It is not for a believer to kill a believer
unless (it be) by mistake. And he who hath killed a believer by mistake must
set free a believing slave, and pay the blood-money to the family of the
slain, unless they remit it as a charity. If he (the victim) be of a people
hostile unto you, and he is a believer, then (the penance is) to set free a
believing slave. And if he cometh of a folk between whom and you there is a
covenant, then the blood-money must be paid unto his folk and (also) a
believing slave must be set free. And whoso hath not the wherewithal must
fast two consecutive months; a penance from Allah. And Allah is Knower, Wise.
93. whoso slayeth a believer intentionally his
reward is Hell wherein he will abide for ever and Allah is wroth against him
and He hath cursed him and prepared for him an awful doom.
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92.
Wa maa kaana
li-Mu’-mi-nin ‘any-yaqtula Mu’-minan
‘illaa khata-‘aa. Wa
man qatala Mu’-minan
khata-‘an fatah-riiru raqabatim-Mu’-minatinw-wa di-yatum-musalla-matun ‘ilaaa
‘ahlihiii ‘illaaa ‘any-yas-saddaquu. Fa-‘in kaana
min- qawmin ‘aduwwil-lakum wa huwa
Mu’-minun- fatah-riiru raqaba-tim-Mu’-minah. Wa
‘in kaana min
qawmim-bayna-kum wa baynahum-mii-saaqun- fa-diyatum-musalla-matun ‘ilaaa
‘ahlihiii wa tah-riiru
raqa-batim-Mu’-minah. Famallam yajid
fa-Siyaamu shah-rayni mutataa-bi-‘ayn; tawbatam-minAllaah. Wa
kaanAllaahu ‘Aliiman Hakiimaa.
93.
Wa many-yaqtul Mu’-minam- muta-‘ammidan- fa-jazaaa-‘uhuu Jahannamu khaalidan-
fiihaa wa gazibAllaahu ‘alayhi
wa la-‘anahuu wa
‘a-‘adda lahuu ‘azaaban
‘aziimaa.
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Lesson
Tah-riiru - (to set free), its origin is hur and plural ‘ahraar. Hur means ‘free,
independent’.
Raqa-bati – (neck), here aim of this word is
‘slave’, because slave’s neck remains in his master’s hands.
Di-yatun – (blood-money), that is to say;
the amount or part of wealth which is paid to the family of the slain person.
Yas-saddaquu - (they remit, exempt), the word is from sadaqah, which means charity. Its object
is that if the heirs of the killed person forgive the killer and do not get
blood-money from him, then it will be charity from them.
Shah-rayni mutataa-bi-‘ayn – (two consecutive months), it
aims that no day should be left without fast within two months.
Muta-‘ammidan – (intentionally), it has been
derived from the word ‘amada, which
means ‘intention, attempt, willing. Qatli-‘amad
means willful murder or homicide, because punishment of unknowingly murder is
different from this type of killing.
Heretofore, the Muslims were instructed to fight against mischievous and
treacherous hypocrites, and it is possible in the war that any Muslim is slain
erroneously or unknowingly. So punishment of this type of murder was mentioned.
It was commanded, “It cannot be expected from a Muslim that he will
slaughter any other Muslim intentionally. However, if it has been done so
erroneously, then it should be observed:
·
Is the Muslim from one’s own nation and country?
·
Does he belong to any other such nation or country, who are not Muslims
but a treaty has been agreed mutually with you?
·
Did he come from such infidel nation with whom you do not have any
agreement of peace, but both are enemies of each other and fighting war?
If the slain
person is from own folk, then the killer will set free a Muslim slave and pay
the blood-money to the heirs of the slain. If he was from the nation, with whom
you have agreement not to fight, then also you will set free any Muslim slave
and pay the blood-money to his infidel heirs. If he belonged to the enemy
nation, then you would have to set free a Muslim slave. In this case paying the
blood-money is not necessary.
If the killer is
poor, neither he has any slave or bond-woman to set free, and nor has wealth
for paying blood-money, then he should fast for two consecutive months without
vacant. Then his repentance will be acceptable because this is not such a crime
which may be forgiven so easily. Suffer upon your own body as penance of murder
and fast two consecutive months without leaving any day beside fasting, if you do not have wherewithal (blood-money)
to spend.
In the next
verse, punishment for that believer has been described, who kills any other
believer intentionally and voluntarily. This is the crime from which nobody can
get rid of through penance. Its punishment will be given on the Doomsday. The killer
will be thrown in the Fire of Hell. He will abide there forever. The Curse and
wroth of Allaah Almighty is upon him.
He has prepared for him an
awful doom. This torment is separate from that punishment which will be
suffered by him in the world i.e. taking kisaas
(blood-money) from him. The command regarding retaliation (Kisaas) has passed in Surah Al-Baqarah
(Chapter: The Cow).
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